(ふくぎょう)

side job, second job

(みとめる)

to approve; to recognize; to acknowledge

(きぎょう)

company; enterprise

(ひろがる)

to spread

(はたらく)

to work

(べつ)

another; different

(しごと)

work, job

(ふえる)

to increase; to grow

(ちょうさ)

investigation; survey

(ぜんたい)

the whole / overall

(やく)

approximately, about

(ろくわり)

60 percent

(ごねんまえ)

five years ago

(にばい)

twice; double

(ちかく)

nearby

(ひとでぶそく)

labour shortage; shortage of workers

(つづく)

to continue

(しゃいん)

company employee

(そと)

outside

(けいけん)

experience

(つむ)

to load / to pile up

(まえむき)

positive, forward-looking

(とらえる)

to take (in a certain way), to grasp

(かいしゃ)

company

(りゆう)

reason; cause

(ひと)

person / people

(ことなる)

to differ; to be different

(しゅうにゅう)

income, revenue

(ふやす)

to increase (something)

(もっとも)

most; extremely

(おおい)

many

(じぶん)

oneself

(ぎじゅつ)

skill, technology

(ためす)

to try, to test

(しょうらい)

future

(どくりつ)

independence

(そなえる)

to prepare; to provide against

(こえ)

voice

(めだつ)

to stand out, to be noticeable

(える)

to gain, to obtain

(ちしき)

knowledge

(ほんぎょう)

one's main job

(いきる)

to live

(りてん)

advantage, merit

(ある)

a certain (some)

(ただし)

however, provided that

(かだい)

issue, problem, challenge

(のこる)

to remain / to stay behind

(じかん)

time

(ながい)

long

(けんこう)

health, healthy

(そこなう)

to harm, to damage

(せんもんか)

expert, specialist

(ほんにん)

the person themselves, the individual

(りょうほう)

both

(きちんと)

properly, neatly, punctually

(かんり)

management, administration

(しくみ)

structure, system, mechanism

(ひつよう)

necessary / needed

(してき)

pointing out, indication

while doing ...

Verb stem + ながら indicates doing two things simultaneously. The action before ながら is the secondary action; the main action follows.

is doing, has been doing (ongoing state/action)

Expresses a continuing action or resulting state. Formed with て-form + いる. Can describe an action in progress or a state resulting from a past change.

according to ...

Cites a source of information. The noun before によると is the source. Often followed by a reported statement.

compared to ~

Noun + と比べて is used to make comparisons. Used here to compare Q3 GDP to Q2.

to become

Expresses a change of state; Kawai became the new commissioner of the Sports Agency.

amid ~; while ~ is going on

なかで after a plain-form verb sets a wider background situation. The article opens with 高齢化が進む中で to frame everything that follows against Japan's ageing population.

nominalizer (the act of ~)

Turns verbs into nouns — changing one's awareness (意識を変えること), not over-buying (買いすぎないこと), and using leftovers well (使うこと).

because, due to

Gives the reason for a statement, typically at end of sentence.

by means of / through

Expresses the means by which something is achieved — through sport, everyone can live together.

want to ~

Verb stem + たい to express desire.

called/named ~

Used to introduce or name something. In this article, 「鳥貴族」という店 means 'a store called Torikizoku'.

on the other hand

Introduces a contrasting point of view, meaning 'on the other hand'. It pivots from the benefits to the drawbacks.

for ~ / from the perspective of ~

Indicates a point of view or perspective. Used twice here for 'the company' and 'the Vietnamese people'.

to become (い-adjective)

Expresses a change of state for い-adjectives. Drop the final い and add くなる. Indicates something has changed or will change to a new state.

easy to ~ / tends to ~

Used in 'うつりやすくて' meaning 'easily contagious / easy to catch'.

there is a fear/risk that

In 「影響が広がる恐れがある」 it warns of the risk that the impact on citizens' lives could spread.

副業を認める企業が広がる

More companies are allowing side jobs

働きながら別の仕事もする「副業」を認める企業が増えています。

The number of companies that allow "side jobs" — doing another job while working your main one — is increasing.

ある調査によると、副業を認めている企業は全体の約六割で、五年前と比べて二倍近くになりました。

According to one survey, about 60 percent of all companies now allow side jobs, nearly double the figure of five years ago.

人手不足が続く中で、社員が外で経験を積むことを前向きにとらえる会社が増えたためです。

This is because, amid a continuing labour shortage, more companies see employees gaining outside experience in a positive light.

副業をする理由は人によって異なります。

The reasons for taking a side job differ from person to person.

収入を増やしたいという人が最も多い一方で、自分の技術を試したい、将来の独立に備えたいという声も目立ちます。

While the largest group say they want to raise their income, voices saying they want to test their own skills or prepare to go independent in the future also stand out.

会社にとっても、社員が外で得た知識が本業に生きるという利点があります。

For the company too, there is the advantage that knowledge employees gain outside can be put to use in their main work.

ただし、課題も残っています。

However, problems remain as well.

仕事の時間が長くなりやすく、健康を損なう恐れがあるためです。

That is because working hours easily become long, and there is a risk of damaging one's health.

専門家は「働く時間を会社と本人の両方がきちんと管理する仕組みが必要だ」と指摘しています。

An expert points out, "We need a system in which both the company and the worker properly manage working hours."