(にほん)

Japan

(ふるい)

old (things)

(でんしゃ)

electric train

(がいこく)

foreign country

(はしる)

to run

(ながいあいだ)

for a long time

(つかう)

to use

(おくる)

to send / to take (someone somewhere)

(また)

again

(てつどうがいしゃ)

railway company

(あたらしい)

new

(もの)

thing

(かえる)

to exchange, to convert

(まだ)

still; yet

(うごく)

to move

(あじあ)

Asia

(みなみあめりか)

South America

(くに)

country; the government

(うる)

to sell

(かいしゃ)

company

(ひと)

person / people

(なおす)

to fix; to repair

(せんろ)

railway track

(はば)

width, gauge

(しゃりん)

wheel

(かえる)

to change

(いきさき)

destination

(ことば)

words, language

(かく)

to write

(あんない)

guide, information

(つける)

to attach

(つく)

to arrive

(げんち)

the site / the local area

(うんてんし)

(train) driver; motorman

(くる)

to come

(うんてん)

operation, driving

(しかた)

way of doing something, method

(ならう)

To learn; to take lessons in

(うけとる)

to receive; to accept

(やすい)

cheap / inexpensive

(じょうぶ)

sturdy; strong; durable

(いう)

to say

(にほんご)

Japanese language

(もじ)

character, letter, text

(そのまま)

as it is, unchanged

(のこる)

to remain / to stay behind

(みる)

to see, watch

(めずらしい)

rare, unusual

passive voice: was/were ~ed

Passive form indicating that the subject receives the action. '食べられて' means 'were eaten'. Central grammar of this article about tulips being eaten by deer.

there are times when ~

Indicates that something sometimes happens.

if / when (natural consequence)

Conditional と indicating a natural or expected result. 一緒に捨てると…火が出て means 'if you throw them away together, fire starts.'

doing things like ~ and ~

Lists representative actions among several. Implies there are other actions too. Used twice in this article.

before ~

Indicates doing something before another action. Used to advise checking the store before ordering.

in accordance with / in time with

Means 'matching/syncing with'. Here fireworks are launched in sync with music.

after doing ~

Marks what happens once the trains have arrived: 着いた後で、現地の運転士が日本に来ます.

and / by doing (means)

The te-form connects clauses; here it expresses the means by which the teacher creates problems (by using AI).

there are cases where / sometimes

Indicates a possible downside: 給料が下がる場合もあります (there are cases where pay goes down).

~ and (i-adjective connector)

The て-form of i-adjectives, used to connect two adjectives or to give a reason. Formed by replacing い with くて.

it is said that ~

Passive form expressing common knowledge or reputation. It is said that aquaculture of nodoguro is difficult.

is doing, has been doing (ongoing state/action)

Expresses a continuing action or resulting state. Formed with て-form + いる. Can describe an action in progress or a state resulting from a past change.

日本の古い電車が外国で走る

Old Japanese trains run in foreign countries

日本で長い間使われた電車が、外国に送られて、また走ることがあります。

Trains that were used in Japan for a long time are sometimes sent abroad, where they run again.

鉄道会社は、電車が古くなると新しいものに換えます。

When their trains get old, railway companies replace them with new ones.

まだ動く電車は、アジアや南アメリカの国に売られたり、あげられたりします。

Trains that still run are sold or given away to countries in Asia and South America.

送る前に、会社の人は電車を直します。

Before shipping them, the company's staff repair the trains.

外国の線路の幅に合わせて、車輪を変えることもあります。

Sometimes they even change the wheels to match the track gauge of the foreign country.

行き先の国の言葉で書いた案内も付けます。

They also put up signs written in the language of the destination country.

着いた後で、現地の運転士が日本に来て、運転の仕方を習う場合もあります。

In some cases, after the trains arrive, local drivers come to Japan to learn how to operate them.

受け取った国では、日本の電車は安くて丈夫だと言われています。

In the countries that receive them, Japanese trains are said to be cheap and sturdy.

日本語の文字がそのまま残っている電車もあります。

There are also trains on which the Japanese writing has been left just as it was.

それを見て、めずらしいと言う人もいます。

Some people see it and say that it is unusual.