(いんふるえんざ)

influenza, flu

(よぼうせっしゅ)

vaccination, inoculation

(はじまる)

to begin

(ふゆ)

winter

(りゅうこう)

epidemic / trend

(そなえる)

to prepare; to provide against

(かくち)

various places, everywhere

(さい)

years old

(いじょう)

more than; beyond this

(こうれいしゃ)

elderly person

(すむ)

to live; to reside

(し)

city

(まち)

town

(ひよう)

expense, cost

(いちぶ)

part, portion

(ほじょ)

subsidy, assistance

(さいきん)

recently

(ちゅうしゃ)

injection, shot

(はな)

nose

(わくちん)

vaccine

(つかう)

to use

(こども)

child

(たいしょう)

target, subject (of eligibility)

(いたい)

painful

(にがて)

not good at, poor at

(うける)

to receive

(こうか)

effect

(でる)

to come out; to occur

(しゅうかん)

week; weekly

(かかる)

to take (time/money), cost

(せんもんか)

expert, specialist

(まえ)

before, previous

(ちゅうじゅん)

middle of a month

(せっしゅ)

inoculation, vaccination

(すませる)

to finish, to get done with

(てあらい)

hand washing

(ますく)

mask

(まいにち)

every day

(たいさく)

countermeasure

(たいせつ)

important

from (starting point)

Indicates the origin or source. 建物の中から means 'from inside the building'.

is doing, has been doing (ongoing state/action)

Expresses a continuing action or resulting state. Formed with て-form + いる. Can describe an action in progress or a state resulting from a past change.

have someone do (for me)

Expresses receiving a favor/action from someone.

there are cases where / sometimes

Indicates a possible downside: 給料が下がる場合もあります (there are cases where pay goes down).

not ... but rather ...

Negative connective form of だ. Used to negate one thing and present an alternative. では + なく links to what follows as the true explanation.

come to / reach the point where

Indicates a change in state or ability.

because of ~ / since ~

Plain form + ため states a cause in formal writing. 知られていないため = 'because it is not well known'.

easy to ~ / tends to ~

Used in 'うつりやすくて' meaning 'easily contagious / easy to catch'.

it is said that ~

Passive form expressing common knowledge or reputation. It is said that aquaculture of nodoguro is difficult.

by the time ~ / before ~

までには marks the point by which something must be reached; here it measures the long apprenticeship needed before a maker can go independent.

by (a certain time)

Indicates a deadline — by February of next year, the company aims to restore shipping.

to call on (someone) to ...

正しい使い方を守るように呼びかけています expresses that experts are urging people to follow correct usage.

states that ~, takes the position that ~

A news-style ending used to report the ministry's official stance.

インフルエンザの予防接種が始まる

Flu vaccinations are starting

冬に流行するインフルエンザに備えて、10月から各地で予防接種が始まります。

To prepare for the flu that spreads in winter, vaccinations will begin in many areas from October.

65歳以上の高齢者などは、住んでいる市や町から費用の一部を補助してもらえる場合があります。

Older people aged 65 and over, among others, may be able to get part of the cost covered by the city or town where they live.

最近は、注射ではなく、鼻にスプレーするワクチンも使われるようになりました。

Recently, a vaccine that is sprayed into the nose instead of injected has also come into use.

2歳から18歳までの子どもが対象で、痛くないため、注射が苦手な子どもにも受けやすいと言われています。

It is for children aged 2 to 18, and because it doesn't hurt, it is said to be easy even for children who dislike shots.

ワクチンの効果が出るまでには、およそ2週間かかります。

It takes about two weeks for the vaccine to take effect.

専門家は、流行が始まる前の12月中旬までに接種を済ませるよう呼びかけています。

Experts are urging people to get vaccinated by mid-December, before the flu season begins.

また、手洗いやマスクなど、毎日の対策も大切だとしています。

They also say that everyday measures such as hand washing and wearing masks are important.