(いんふるえんざ)

influenza, flu

(よぼうせっしゅ)

vaccination, inoculation

(ことし)

this year

(はじまる)

to begin

(さむい)

cold

(きせつ)

Season

(かくち)

various places, everywhere

(びょういん)

hospital

(まいとし)

every year

(ふゆ)

winter

(おおい)

many

(ひと)

person / people

(かかる)

to take (time/money), cost

(びょうき)

illness, sickness

(ねつ)

fever; heat

(たかい)

expensive; high

(からだ)

body

(いたい)

painful

(いしゃ)

doctor

(ひろがる)

to spread

(はやめ)

early, ahead of time

(うける)

to receive

(とくに)

especially / particularly

(おとしより)

elderly person

(ちいさい)

small

(こども)

child

(おもい)

heavy

(ちゅうい)

caution, warning

(ひつよう)

necessary / needed

(そと)

outside

(かえる)

to return home

(て)

hand

(あらう)

to wash

(よく)

often, well, frequently

(ねる)

to sleep

(たいせつ)

important

(せき)

cough

(でる)

to come out; to occur

(ますく)

mask

also / too

Used in '心配する人もいます' — there are ALSO people who are worried (in addition to happy people).

to become (い-adjective)

Expresses a change of state for い-adjectives. Drop the final い and add くなる. Indicates something has changed or will change to a new state.

before ~

Indicates doing something before another action. Used to advise checking the store before ordering.

did ... (polite past)

Polite past tense of verbs. Formed with verb stem + ました. Used in formal or polite speech to describe completed actions.

doing things like ~ and ~

Lists representative actions among several. Implies there are other actions too. Used twice in this article.

please do ...

Polite request form. Formed with て-form + ください. Used to ask someone to perform an action.

to say that ~ (quotation)

と話しています reports what a company representative said.

is doing, has been doing (ongoing state/action)

Expresses a continuing action or resulting state. Formed with て-form + いる. Can describe an action in progress or a state resulting from a past change.

~ and ~ (non-exhaustive list)

や connects nouns in a non-exhaustive list, implying there are other items not mentioned.

there are times when ~

Indicates that something sometimes happens.

because ~ / since ~

Causal connector. Because JA is buying at higher prices, store prices will also rise.

besides ~, in addition to ~

伊豆諸島のほか adds other regions to the list besides the Izu Islands.

from (starting point)

Indicates the origin or source. 建物の中から means 'from inside the building'.

if ..., when ...

Conditional form indicating 'if' or 'when' something happens. Formed by adding ら to the た-form of a verb. Expresses a hypothetical or temporal condition.

nominalizer (the act of ~)

Turns verbs into nouns — changing one's awareness (意識を変えること), not over-buying (買いすぎないこと), and using leftovers well (使うこと).

to make sure that, to ensure that

Expresses the goal of bringing about a certain state or preventing something. Formed with verb plain form + ようにする. Often used to describe efforts to ensure or prevent something.

インフルエンザの予防接種　今年も始まる

Flu vaccinations begin again this year

寒くなる季節の前に、インフルエンザの予防接種が各地の病院で始まりました。

Before the cold season, flu vaccinations have started at hospitals around the country.

インフルエンザは毎年、冬に多くの人がかかる病気です。

Influenza is an illness that many people catch every winter.

熱が高くなったり、体が痛くなったりします。

You may get a high fever or your body may ache.

医者は「病気が広がる前に、早めに予防接種を受けてください」と話しています。

Doctors say, "Please get vaccinated early, before the illness spreads."

特に、お年寄りや小さい子どもは、病気が重くなることがあるので、注意が必要です。

Elderly people and small children in particular need to be careful, because the illness can become serious.

予防接種のほかにも、外から帰ったら手を洗うことや、よく寝ることが大切です。

Besides vaccination, it is also important to wash your hands when you come home and to get plenty of sleep.

せきが出る人は、マスクをするようにしてください。

People who are coughing should make sure to wear a mask.